Mobilizing Function Resources

[1] The Inventive Standards can be found in a variety of texts, including Yuri Salamatov’s “TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time” by INSYTEC, pages 226-244.

[2] “Standard Solutions” is a TRIZ tool that is not covered in “TRIZ Power Tools” except in its restructured form. The table of Standard Solutions can be found in various TRIZ texts.

[3] Inventive Principle #15—Dynamicity: The characteristics of an object or outside environment must be altered to provide optimal performance at each stage of an operation. If an object is immobile, make it mobile. Make it interchangeable. Divide an object into elements capable of changing their position relative to each other. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[4] Inventive Principle #15—Dynamicity: The characteristics of an object or outside environment must be altered to provide optimal performance at each stage of an operation. If an object is immobile, make it mobile. Make it interchangeable. Divide an object into elements capable of changing their position relative to each other. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[5] Inventive Principle #32—Changing the Color: Change the color of an object or its environment. Alter the degree of translucency of an object or its environment. Use color additives to observe an object or process that is difficult to see. If such additives are already in use, employ luminescent traces or trace atoms. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[6] STANDARD 3-1-1. System efficiency at any stage of its evolution can be improved by combining the system with another system (or systems) to create a bi- or poly-system. Notes: For a simple formation of bi- and poly-systems, two or more components are combined. Components to be combined may include substances, fields, substance-field pairs, and entire SFMs. Example: To process the sides of thin glass plates, several plates can be put together to prevent the glass from breaking.

[7] STANDARD 3-1-2. The efficiency of bi- and poly-systems can be enhanced by developing connections between system elements. Notes: Connections between elements of a bi- and poly-system may be made either more rigid or more dynamic. Example: To synchronize the lifting of a very heavy part by three cranes, it is suggested to use a rigid triangle to coordinate the cranes’ movements.

[8] Inventive Principle #7—Nesting (Matrioshka): One object is placed inside another. That object is placed inside a third one, and so on. An object can pass through a cavity in another object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[9] STANDARD 3-1-3. The efficiency of bi- and poly-systems can be improved by increasing the difference between system components. The following line of evolution is recommended: similar components (pencils of the same color) → components with biased characteristics (pencils of different colors) → different components (set of drawing instruments) → combinations of the “component + component with opposite function” (pencil with eraser).

[10] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or place it on its side. Utilize the opposite side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[11] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or place it on its side. Utilize the opposite side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[12] Inventive Principle #7—Nesting (Matrioshka): One object is placed inside another. That object is placed inside a third one, and so on. An object passes through a cavity in another object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[13] Inventive Principle #5—Consolidation: Consolidate homogeneous objects in space, or objects designated for contiguous operations. Consolidate homogeneous or contiguous operations in time. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[14] Inventive Principle #12—Equipotentiality: Change the working conditions in such a way that lifting or lowering an object is not required. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[15] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or place it on its side. Utilize the opposite side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[16] Inventive Principle #14—Spheroidality: Replace linear parts with curved parts, flat surfaces with spherical surfaces, and cube shapes with ball shapes. Use rollers, balls, and spirals. Replace linear motion with rotational motion; utilize centrifugal force. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[17] STANDARD 2-2-6. The efficiency of a SFM can be improved by transitioning from substances that are uniform or disordered to those that are non-uniform or have a predefined spatial-temporal structure (either permanent or variable). Notes: If an intense field effect is required in specific parts of a system (points, lines), substances generating the required field should be introduced in those areas beforehand. Example: To create a porous material with an oriented spatial structure, threads are inserted into the soft material beforehand. After the material solidifies, these threads are combusted.

[18] Inventive Principle #4—Asymmetry: Replace symmetrical forms with asymmetrical ones. If an object is already asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[19] Inventive Principle #4—Asymmetry: Replace symmetrical forms with asymmetrical ones. If an object is already asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[20] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or place it on its side. Utilize the opposite side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[21] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or place it on its side. Utilize the opposite side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[22] Inventive Principle #7—Nesting (Matrioshka): One object is placed inside another. That object is placed inside a third one, and so on. An object passes through a cavity in another object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[23] Inventive Principle #1—Segmentation: Divide an object into independent parts. Make an object sectional for easy assembly or disassembly. Increase the degree of an object’s segmentation. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[24] STANDARD 5-5-1. If substance particles (e.g., ions) are required to solve a problem and they are not available according to the problem conditions, the required particles can be obtained by decomposing a substance of a higher structural level (e.g., molecules).

STANDARD 5-5-2. If substance particles (e.g., molecules) are required to solve a problem and they cannot be produced by decomposing a substance of a higher structural level, the required particles can be obtained by combining particles of a lower structural level (e.g., ions).

STANDARD 5-5-3. If a substance of a higher structural level has to be decomposed, the easiest way is to break down the nearest higher element. When combining particles of a lower structural level, the simplest method is to combine the nearest lower elements.

[25] STANDARD 5-1-1-1. If it is necessary to introduce a substance into the system, and this is not permitted, a “void” can be used instead of the substance. Notes: A “void” is usually a gaseous substance like air, or empty space formed in a solid object. In some cases, a “void” can be created by other substances, such as liquids (foam) or loose bodies.

[26] STANDARD 2-2-3. The efficiency of a SFM can be improved by transitioning from a solid object to a capillary porous one. The transition is performed as follows: solid object → object with one cavity → object with multiple cavities (perforated) → capillary porous object → capillary porous object with a predefined porous structure. Notes: Transitioning to a capillary porous object allows a liquid substance to be placed in the pores and used for physical effects. Example: A series of capillaries applies liquid glue more accurately on a surface to be glued than a single large-sized tube.

[27] Inventive Principle #31—Porous Material: Make an object porous or use supplementary porous elements (inserts, covers, etc.). If an object is already porous, fill it in advance with some substance. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[28] STANDARD 1-2-1. If useful and harmful effects occur between two substances in a SFM and there is no need to maintain direct contact between the substances, the problem can be solved by introducing a third substance between them. Notes: The third substance can also be obtained from the present substances by exposure to the existing fields. In particular, the substance to be introduced can be bubbles, foam, etc. Example: To compact walls of a borehole, gases produced during an explosion are utilized. However, these gases may also cause cracks in the borehole walls. It is proposed to cover the walls with plasticine that transmits pressure but prevents cracks from forming.

[29] STANDARD 1-2-2. If there are useful and harmful effects between two substances, and there is no need to maintain direct contact between them, and it is forbidden or inconvenient to use foreign substances, the problem can be solved by introducing a third substance between the two, which is a modification of the first or second substances. Note: The third substance can be derived from the existing substances by exposure to the current fields. In particular, the substance introduced can be bubbles, foam, etc. Additionally, a modification of the substance may alter its movement properties: movable-fixed parts, etc. Example: A hydrodynamic foil’s surface may fail due to cavitation caused by friction between the foil and water at high speeds. It is proposed to cool the foil’s surface. The surrounding water will freeze, forming an ice layer on the foil.

[30] STANDARD 5-1-4. If it is necessary to introduce a large quantity of a substance, but this is not allowed, a “void” in the form of inflatable structures or foam should be used instead of the substance. Note: The introduction of foam or inflatable structures resolves the contradiction ‘much substance – little substance.’

[31] Inventive Principle #30—Flexible Membranes or Thin Films: Replace customary constructions with flexible membranes or thin films. Isolate an object from its external environment using flexible membranes or thin films. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[32] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Change the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[33] This concept comes from what is sometimes referred to as the STC operator, which stands for size, time, and cost. When utilizing this concept, the problem solver considers the possibility that there are no limits to each of these variables and examines the problem at the extremes of each. In this instance, we explore the size or volume of the tool or product only. Page 112 of “The Innovation Algorithm,” Genrich Altshuller.

[34] Inventive Principle #14—Spheroidality: Replace linear parts with curved parts, flat surfaces with spherical surfaces, and cube shapes with ball shapes. Utilize rollers, balls, spirals. Replace linear motion with rotational motion; employ centrifugal force. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[35] The source of this object property is the line of evolution presented in Invention Machine TM Software.

[36] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Modify the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[37] Inventive Principle #36—Phase Transition: Utilize the phenomena associated with phase change (i.e., changes in volume, heat liberation or absorption, etc.). Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[38] STANDARD 3-2-1. The efficiency of a system at any stage of its evolution can be improved by transitioning from a macro-level to a micro-level: the system or its part is replaced by a substance capable of delivering the required function when interacting with a field. Notes: There is a multitude of micro-level states of a substance (domains, crystal lattice, molecules, ions, domains, atoms, fundamental particles, fields, etc.). Therefore, various options of transitions to and from a micro-level should be considered when addressing a problem. Example: Instead of a micro-screw, a microscopic table can be positioned by attaching it to a metal rod subjected to a thermal field. The rod expands and contracts concerning the temperature due to the effects of thermal expansion.

[39] STANDARD 3-2-1. The efficiency of a system at any stage of its evolution can be improved by transitioning from a macro-level to a micro-level: the system or its part is replaced by a substance capable of delivering the required function when interacting with a field. Notes: There are a multitude of micro-level states of a substance (domains, crystal lattice, molecules, ions, domains, atoms, fundamental particles, fields, etc.). Therefore, various options of transition to a micro-level and various options for transitioning from one micro-level to another, lower one, should be considered when addressing a problem. Example: Instead of a micro-screw, a microscopic table can be positioned by fixing it to a metal rod subjected to a thermal field. The rod expands and contracts concerning the temperature due to the effects of thermal expansion.

[40] STANDARD 1-1-2. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions do not impose any restrictions on introducing additives into the given substances, the problem is to be solved by transitioning (either permanently or temporarily) to an internal complex SFM, introducing additives in the existing substances that enhance controllability or impart the required properties to the SFM. Example: To detect very small drops of liquid (S2) in another liquid (S1), a luminescent substance is added to liquid (S2) in advance.

[41] STANDARD 1-1-3. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions place limitations on introducing additives into the existing substances, the problem can be solved by transitioning (either permanently or temporarily) to an external complex SFM, attaching an external substance to one of these substances to improve controllability or deliver the required properties to the SFM. Example: To detect a gas leak (S1) from a pipe (S2), the outer surface of the pipe is covered with a substance (S3).

[42] STANDARD 1-1-4. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions restrict the introduction or attachment of substances, the problem must be solved by synthesizing a SFM using the external environment as the substance.

[43] STANDARD 1-1-2. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions do not impose any limitations on introducing additives into the given substances, the problem is to be solved by transitioning (either permanently or temporarily) to an internal complex SFM, introducing additives in the existing substances that enhance controllability or impart the required properties to the SFM. Example: To detect very small drops of liquid (S2) in another liquid (S1), a luminescent substance is added to liquid (S2) in advance.

[44] STANDARD 1-1-3. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions place limitations on introducing additives into the existing substances, the problem can be solved by transitioning (either permanently or temporarily) to an external complex SFM, attaching an external substance to one of these substances to improve controllability or deliver the required properties to the SFM. Example: To detect a gas leak (S1) from a pipe (S2), the outer surface of the pipe is covered with a substance (S3).

[45] STANDARD 1-1-4. If there is a SFM that is not easy to change as required, and the conditions restrict the introduction or attachment of substances, the problem must be solved by synthesizing a SFM using the external environment as the substance.

[46] STANDARD 1-1-5. If the external environment does not contain the ready substances required to synthesize a SFM, these substances can be obtained by changing the external environment, decomposing the environment, or introducing additives into it. Example: To improve the coefficient of sliding effect, a liquid lubricant is aerated.

[47] STANDARD 5-1-1-1. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not allowed, a “void” can be used instead of the substance. Notes: A “void” is usually a gaseous substance like air, or empty space formed in a solid object. In some cases, a “void” can be created by other substances, such as liquids (foam) or loose bodies.

STANDARD 5-1-1-2. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not allowed, a field can be used instead of the substance.

STANDARD 5-1-1-3. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not permitted, an external additive can be used instead of an internal one.

STANDARD 5-1-1-4. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not allowed, a very active additive can be introduced in very small quantities.

STANDARD 5-1-1-5. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not permitted, an additive can be introduced in very small quantities and concentrated in certain parts of the object.

STANDARD 5-1-1-6. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system, but this is not allowed, the substance can be introduced temporarily and then removed.

STANDARD 5-1-1-7. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not permitted, a copy of the object can be used in lieu of the object itself, where the introduction of substances is allowed.

STANDARD 5-1-1-8. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not allowed due to the system’s operating conditions, the substance can be introduced in the form of a chemical compound that can later be decomposed.

STANDARD 5-1-1-9. If a substance needs to be introduced into the system but is not permitted, the substance can be produced by decomposing the external environment or the object itself, for instance, by electrolysis or by changing the aggregate state of a part of the object or the external environment.

STANDARD 5-1-2. If a system is not easy to change as required, and the conditions do not allow replacing the component acting as an instrument or introducing additives, the artifact must be used in place of the instrument, dividing the artifact into parts that interact with each other.

STANDARD 5-1-3. After the introduced substance in the system has fulfilled its function, it should either disappear or become indistinguishable from the substance that was in the system or in the external environment beforehand. Note: The substance that has been introduced may disappear due to chemical reactions or phase changes.

STANDARD 5-1-4. If a large quantity of a substance needs to be introduced, but this is not allowed, a “void” in the form of inflatable structures or foam should be used in place of the substance. Note: The introduction of foam or inflatable structures resolves the contradiction of ‘much substance – little substance.’

[48] STANDARD 1-1-5. If the external environment does not contain ready substances needed to synthesize a SFM, these substances can be obtained by changing the external environment, decomposing it, or introducing additives into it. Example: To improve the coefficient of sliding effect, a liquid lubricant is aerated.

[49] Inventive Principle #37—Thermal Expansion: Utilize the expansion or contraction of materials by altering their temperature. Employ various materials with differing coefficients of thermal expansion. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[50] Inventive Principle #3—Local Quality: Transition from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous structure of an object or outside environment (action). Different parts of an object should perform distinct functions. Each part of an object should be situated under conditions most favorable for its operation. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[51] Inventive Principle #3—Local Quality: Transition from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous structure of an object or outside environment (action). Different parts of an object should perform distinct functions. Each part of an object should be placed under conditions that are most favorable for its operation. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[52] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Modify the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[53] Inventive Principle #38—Accelerated Oxidation: Transition from one level of oxidation to the next higher level: from ambient air to oxygenated; from oxygenated to oxygen. From oxygen to ionized oxygen. From ionized oxygen to ozoned oxygen. From ozoned oxygen to ozone. From ozone to singlet oxygen. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[54] Inventive Principle #38—Accelerated Oxidation: Transition from one level of oxidation to the next higher level: from ambient air to oxygenated; from oxygenated to oxygen. From oxygen to ionized oxygen. From ionized oxygen to ozoned oxygen. From ozoned oxygen to ozone. From ozone to singlet oxygen. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[55] Inventive Principle #39—Inert Environment: Replace a normal environment with an inert one. Introduce neutral substances or additives into an object. Perform the process in a vacuum. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[56] Inventive Principle #39—Inert Environment: Replace a normal environment with an inert one. Introduce neutral substances or additives into an object. Perform the process in a vacuum. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[57] Inventive Principle #39—Inert Environment: Replace a normal environment with an inert one. Introduce neutral substances or additives into an object. Perform the process in a vacuum. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[58] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Modify the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[59] STANDARD 5-2-1. If a field must be introduced into a SFM, one should first use the current fields for which the media are those substances that constitute the system or its part. Note: Utilizing substances and fields already present in the system enhances the system’s ideality: the number of functions performed by the system increases without increasing the number of components used.

STANDARD 5-2-2. If a field must be incorporated into a SFM and it is not possible to use the fields already present in the system, one should use fields from the external environment. Note: Employing fields from the external environment (gravity, thermal fields, pressure, etc.) enhances the system’s ideality: the number of functions performed by the system increases without increasing the number of components used.

STANDARD 5-2-3. If a field must be introduced into a SFM but it is impossible to use the fields already present in the system or in the external environment, one should use fields in which the substances present in the system or external environment can act as media or sources. Notes: For instance, if there are ferromagnetic substances in a system meant for mechanical purposes, their magnetic properties can be employed to generate additional effects: improving interactions between components, obtaining information about the system’s state, etc.

[60] STANDARD 1-1-1. If there is an object that is not easily changed as required, and there are no limitations regarding the introduction of substances and fields, the problem should be solved by synthesizing a SFM: the object is subjected to the action of a physical field that produces the necessary change in the object.  Example: To remove air (S1) from a powdered substance, the substance (S2) is subjected to centrifugal forces (F).

[61] STANDARD 2-1-2. If the efficiency of SFM needs to be improved, and replacing SFM elements is not feasible, the problem can be solved by synthesizing a dual SFM by introducing a second field that is easy to control. Example: Increasing control over melted metal by rotating it in a centrifuge.

[62] The concept of conductance was first introduced to the author by Invention Machine software graphics that showed how fields could be modulated by the medium positioned between the tool and the product to decrease or amplify the effect of the field.

[63] The concept of altering the direction of the field was first introduced to the author by Invention Machine software graphics illustrating how field direction could be changed.

[64] Inventive Principle #13—Do It in Reverse: Instead of the direct action typically dictated by a problem, implement an opposite action (i.e., cooling instead of heating). Render the movable part of an object, or outside environment, stationary and make the stationary part movable. Reverse the orientation of the object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[65] STANDARD 2-2-5. The efficiency of SFM can be improved by transitioning from a uniform field or fields with a disordered structure to non-uniform fields or fields with a definite spatial-temporal structure (either permanent or variable). Notes: If a specific spatial structure is to be imparted to a substance object, the process can be conducted in a field that matches the required structure of the substance object. Example: To mix two magnetic powders, one layer of the first powder is laid in the layer of the second powder, and a non-uniform magnetic field is applied.

[66] Inventive Principle #3—Local Quality: Transition from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous structure of an object or outside environment (action). Different parts of an object should execute different functions. Each part of an object should be placed under conditions that are most conducive to its operation. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[67] The various methods for altering field gradients were first introduced to the author by Invention Machine software graphics similar to those depicted.

[68] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or positioning of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Employ multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or position it on its side. Utilize the opposing side of a specified surface. Project optical lines onto adjacent areas or onto the underside of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[69] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Modify the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[70] STANDARD 5-2-1. If a field must be introduced into a SFM, first utilize the present fields for which the media are the substances comprising the system or its part. Note: The use of substances and fields already present in the system enhances the system’s ideality: the number of functions performed by the system increases without increasing the number of components employed.

STANDARD 5-2-2. If a field must be integrated into a SFM, and it is not feasible to use fields currently present in the system, external environment fields should be utilized. Note: Using external fields (gravity, thermal field, pressure, etc.) improves the system’s ideality: the number of functions performed increases without adding to the number of components used.

STANDARD 5-2-3. If a field needs to be introduced into a SFM but the fields already present in the system or external environment can’t be used, then fields should be found that the substances present in the system or external environment can act as media or sources for. Notes: For example, if ferromagnetic substances in a system are applied for mechanical purposes, then their magnetic properties can be used to achieve extra effects: enhancing interactions between components or gathering information about the system state, etc.

[71] The concept of separating field components was first introduced to the author by graphics generated by Invention Machine software which are similar to those depicted.

[72] Inventive Principle #17—Transition Into a New Dimension: Transition one-dimensional movement or placement of objects into two-dimensional; two-dimensional into three-dimensional, etc. Utilize multi-level compositions of objects. Incline an object or position it on its side. Utilize the opposing side of a given surface. Project optical lines onto neighboring areas or onto the reverse side of an object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[73] Inventive Principle #15—Dynamicity: The characteristics of an object or outside environment must be altered to ensure optimal performance at each stage of an operation. If an object is immobile, make it mobile. Make it interchangeable. Break down an object into elements that can change their position relative to each other. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[74] STANDARD 2-2-4. The efficiency of a SFM can be maximized by enhancing the degree of dynamics of SFM, i.e., transitioning to a more flexible, rapidly changing system structure. Notes: Making a substance dynamic begins with dividing it into two joint-coupled parts and continues along the following path: One joint → multiple joints → flexible object. A field can be made more dynamic by shifting from a permanent field (or a field combined with a substance) to a pulsed field. Example: A door made of hinged segments → “Accordion” door.

[75] Inventive Principle #15—Dynamicity: The characteristics of an object or outside environment must be altered to ensure optimal performance at each stage of an operation. If an object is immobile, make it mobile. Make it interchangeable. Break down an object into elements that can change their position relative to each other. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[76] STANDARD 2-1-1. The efficiency of a SFM can be improved by converting one part of the SFM into an independently controllable SFM, thus forming a chain SFM. Example: A tractor with a movable center of gravity to operate on steep slopes.

[77] Inventive Principle #35—Transformation of Properties: Change the physical state of the system. Alter the concentration or density. Modify the degree of flexibility. Change the temperature or volume. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[78] STANDARD 5-4-1. If an object is to alternate between different physical states, the transition is performed by the object itself using reversible physical transformations, e.g., phase transitions, ionization-recombination, dissociation-association, etc. Note: A dynamic balance providing for the self-adjustment or stabilization of the process may be maintained in the dual-phase state.

STANDARD 5-4-2. If it is necessary to obtain a strong effect at the system’s output, given a weak effect at the input, the transformer substance should be placed in conditions closely approaching critical. The energy is stored within the substance, and the input signal acts as a “trigger.”

[79] Inventive Principle #36—Phase Transition: Utilize the phenomena associated with phase change (i.e., alterations in volume, the liberation or absorption of heat, etc.). Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 289.

[80] STANDARD 1-2-5. If it is essential to decompose a SFM under the influence of a magnetic field, the problem should be resolved through the application of physical effects capable of “switching off” the ferromagnetic properties of substances, e.g., through demagnetizing during an impact or heating above the Curie point. Notes: The magnetic field may appear at the right moment if a system of magnets compensating for the effects of each other’s fields is used. When one of the magnets is demagnetized, a magnetic field may arise within the system. Example: During welding, it is challenging to inject ferromagnetic powder into the welding zone; the electromagnetic field produced by the welding current drives the particles away from that area. It is proposed to heat the powders above the Curie point to make them non-magnetic.

[81] Inventive Principle #13—Do It in Reverse: Instead of the direct action typically dictated by a problem, implement an opposite action (i.e., cooling instead of heating). Render the movable part of an object, or outside environment, stationary and make the stationary part movable. Reverse the orientation of the object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[82] Inventive Principle #14—Spheroidality: Replace linear parts with curved parts, flat surfaces with spherical surfaces, and cube shapes with ball shapes. Use rollers, balls, and spirals. Replace linear motion with rotational motion; utilize centrifugal force. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[83] Inventive Principle #14—Spheroidality: Replace linear parts with curved parts, flat surfaces with spherical surfaces, and cube shapes with ball shapes. Use rollers, balls, and spirals. Replace linear motion with rotational motion; utilize centrifugal force. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[84] Inventive Principle #13—Do It in Reverse: Instead of the direct action typically dictated by a problem, implement an opposite action (i.e., cooling instead of heating). Render the movable part of an object, or outside environment, stationary and make the stationary part movable. Reverse the orientation of the object. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[85] Inventive Principle #12—Equipotentiality: Alter the working conditions so that lifting or lowering an object is unnecessary. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[86] Inventive Principle #14—Spheroidality: Replace linear parts with curved parts, flat surfaces with spherical surfaces, and cube shapes with ball shapes. Use rollers, balls, and spirals. Replace linear motion with rotational motion; utilize centrifugal force. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[87] Inventive Principle #12—Equipotentiality: Alter the working conditions so that lifting or lowering an object is unnecessary. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[88] Inventive Principle #20—Continuity of Useful Action: Perform an action without interruptions. All parts of the objects should operate continuously at full capacity. Eliminate idle or intermediate motion. Replace “back-and-forth” motion with rotational motion. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[89] Inventive Principle #19—Periodic Action: Replace a continuous action with a periodic one (impulse). If the action is already periodic, modify its frequency. Use pauses between impulses to facilitate additional action. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[90] Inventive Principle #19—Periodic Action: Replace a continuous action with a periodic one (impulse). If the action is already periodic, modify its frequency. Use pauses between impulses to facilitate additional action. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[91] Inventive Principle #10—Prior Action: Conduct required changes to an object either completely or partially in advance. Position objects beforehand to ensure they can function immediately from the most convenient location. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[92] Inventive Principle #20—Continuity of Useful Action: Perform an action without interruptions. All parts of the objects should operate continuously at full capacity. Eliminate idle or intermediate motion. Replace “back-and-forth” motion with rotational motion. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[93] STANDARD 2-3-3. When presented with two incompatible actions, e.g., changing and measuring, one action should be performed during the pauses of another. Generally, pauses in one action should be filled with another useful action.

Example: To ensure accurate contact welding, measurements are taken during pauses between pulses of electrical current.

[94] Inventive Principle #19—Periodic Action: Replace a continuous action with a periodic one (impulse). If the action is already periodic, modify its frequency. Use pauses between impulses to facilitate additional action. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[95] Inventive Principle #21—Rushing Through: Execute harmful and hazardous operations at extremely high speeds. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[96] This concept emanates from what is sometimes referred to as the STC operator, which denotes size, time, and cost. When applying this concept, the problem solver evaluates the notion of having no limits in each of these variables and examines the problem at each extreme. In this case, we can consider having unlimited time while executing the function very slowly, or having no time and requiring the function to be executed expeditiously. Page 112 of “The Innovation Algorithm,” Genrich Altshuller.

[97] Inventive Principle #21—Rushing Through: Execute harmful and hazardous operations at exceedingly high speeds. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[98] This method adapts STANDARD 4-1-3. If a problem encompasses detection or measurement, and the issue cannot be altered to negate the need for measurement, and it is impossible to utilize copies or pictures, it is recommended to recast this challenge into one of sequential detection of changes. Notes: All measurements entail a certain degree of accuracy. Therefore, even if the problem involves continuous measurement, one can pinpoint a simple act of measurement that encompasses two successive detections. This considerably simplifies the problem. Example: To measure temperature, it is viable to employ a material that changes color depending on the temperature value. Alternatively, several materials can be utilized to indicate varying temperatures. In this instance, we explore the broader case of useful functions and implementing them in discrete steps.

[99] Inventive Principle #1—Segmentation: Divide an object into independent parts. Render an object sectional (for ease of assembly or disassembly). Increase the degree of an object’s segmentation. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 287.

[100] STANDARD 2-2-4. The efficiency of a SFM can be improved by enhancing the degree of dynamics of SFM, i.e., transitioning to a more flexible, rapidly changing structure of the system. Notes: Establishing dynamics within a substance commences with dividing it into two joint-coupled parts and continues along the following trajectory: One joint → many joints → flexible object. A field can become more dynamic by transitioning from a permanent field (or a field alongside a substance) to a pulsed field. Example: A door made of hinged segments → “Accordion” door.

[101] Inventive Principle #18—Mechanical Vibration: Utilize oscillation. If oscillation is present, increase its frequency to ultrasonic levels. Employ resonance frequency. Replace mechanical vibrations with Piezo-vibrations. Utilize ultrasonic vibrations in conjunction with an electromagnetic field. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[102] Inventive Principle #19—Periodic Action: Replace a continuous action with a periodic one (impulse). If the action is already periodic, modify its frequency. Use pauses between impulses to facilitate additional actions. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[103] STANDARD 2-3-1. The efficiency of a SFM can be increased by aligning (or misaligning) the frequency of the acting field with the natural frequency of a product (or tool). Example: 1. Synchronizing the rhythm of a massage with the pulse of a patient. 2. In arc welding, setting the frequency of the magnetic field to match the natural frequency of a melting electrode.

[104] Inventive Principle #18—Mechanical Vibration: Utilize oscillation. If oscillation is present, increase its frequency to ultrasonic levels. Employ resonance frequency. Replace mechanical vibrations with Piezo-vibrations. Utilize ultrasonic vibrations in conjunction with an electromagnetic field. Genrich Altshuller, “The Innovation Algorithm,” page 288.

[105] The graphics depicted are akin to those generated by Invention Machine software used to describe oscillations.

[106] STANDARD 2-3-2. The efficiency of a complex SFM can be enhanced by synchronizing (or unsynchronizing) the frequencies of the fields being utilized.